Natural gas is compressed at 250 Bars with the help of Reciprocating compressors. After compression it known as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). At Mother or Online Station, it stored in a stationary cascade which is a bunch of cylinders.
CNG Cascade
Cascades is bunch of cylinders arranged systematically on an iron structure. These cylinders are made by Iron, Aluminum lined, carbon fiber wrapped material make with a specific standard and process. Each cylinder is manufactured and tested as per stringent guidelines of PESO. Cylinders are well placed at a defined distance from each other and fitted with SS tubes of SS-316/316L Grade with suitable fitting confirming ASME A 269. Stationary cascade are made with three storage bank system with Non Return valves. These are Low, medium and high banks. This bank system are used as per convenience or requirement for CNG dispensing. Isolation valves at each cylinders and safety relief valve provided to ensure safety.
Type-1 Cascade
Cylinders used in Type-1 cascade must designed, constructed and tested as per IS 7285 latest version or BS 5045 : Part-1 or (US) D.O.T 3AA as confirmed by PESO. Cylinder material must be seamless alloy steel (Cr-Mo), neck threading must be as per IS: 3224 – 1979, thread must confirming IS: 3224-1970. Shut off valve must confirm IS: 3224. Type-1 cascade are popular in Indian City Gas due to its cost. These can be used as stationary or mobile cascade to carry CNG from Mother station to Daughter booster stations.
3000 water liter cascade
3000 WL cascade is most popular to used as stationary cascade at CNG Stations. It is a bunch of 40 cylinders of 75 water liters each. At 250 Bars with gas density of 0.7 Kg/lts it can stored 530 Kgs. approx CNG. This quantity may vary place to place. This is reliable due to its robust design, manufacturing and testing. It is feasible due to its low cost.
4500 water liter cascade
4500 WL cascade is popular as mobile cascade to carry CNG from Mother station to Daughter Booster stations. Some times, it has been used as stationary cascade also to store more CNG. To fill and carry CNG at 200 Bars with gas density of 0.7 Kg/lts, it can stored 630 Kgs. approx CNG. This quantity may vary place to place. This is reliable due to its robust design, manufacturing and testing. As a mobile cascade, it is most popular cascade as of now.
Others capacities are also available in few nos. These are for some specific requirement.
Type-2 Cascade
Type-2 cascade are metallic cylinder with a partial wrapping around the cylinder not at whole. Wrapping is usually made of glass, or carbon, contained in an epoxy or resin. For strengthening, using non metal has reduced its weight but make it costly.
Type-3 Cascade
These are metal liner cylinders with composite reinforcement wrapping on full exterior with fibers applied in full hoop/circumferential and helical/axial portions. These are also two types. One made with full carbon composite and another is with mixing of carbon composite and glass fiber wrapping. These are compliant of NFPA 52 standards. These cylinders are used to made cascade of lighter in weight and to carry more quantity of CNG. These truly mobile cascade. These are costly.
Type 4 Cascade
Type 4 cylinders are HDPE with Carbon fibre composite. Due to this combination, cylinder are ultra light with capacity to store maximum quantity of CNG. Type-4 cascades are capable enough to replace Type 3 and Type-1 use for mobile cascade. These cascade confirms ISO : 11439, ISO 11119-3 & ECE 110 RO2.
Analysis
Out of available Type-1, 3 and 4, a comparative analysis is mentioned below. It can be seen that Type-3 and 4 cascade are having more capacity to carry CNG.
Parameters in Details
Type-3 and 4 are specially design for Daughter booster station. These can be used to feed industries also where steel pipelines are not available. Distance and sales must have to consider in details ROI.
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We have requirement of CNG cylinder cascade for storage of CNG gas and dispensing in to vehicles.
3000 Liter – 2 nos or 4500 – 2 Nos
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Nicely explained , cylinders sizes with pricing and overall cascades cost to be compare for operating cost per km .
what will be the cost comparison for the all type of cascade?
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